Which deformity causes the ends of the toes to point downward into the ground, potentially leading to calluses and wounds?

• A. Hammertoe
• B. Tailor's bunion/bunionette
• C. AFO
• D. Claw toe

Answer: (D)

Claw toe causes a claw-like bend of the toe, with the base joint (the MTP) held in slight hyperextension while the middle and end joints (PIP and DIP) bend downward. That combination makes the toe curl downward toward the ground, so the distal portions point toward the sole. This abnormal posture changes how pressure is distributed in the toe, often leading to calluses on the tops or sides of the toe and even skin breakdown or wounds where the toe rubs against footwear. It often stems from muscle imbalances, nerve issues, or tight footwear. Hammertoe also involves bending at the middle joint, but without the characteristic MTP hyperextension and claw-like curling that pushes the toe downward at the tip. Tailor’s bunion is a bunionette at the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, not a toe curling deformity. An ankle–foot orthosis is a device used for support, not a deformity itself.